The Army from Windsor and Essex County

From the 21st "Essex" Battalion of 1885 to the reservists of the Essex and Kent Scottish and the Windsor Regiment today. This page gathers the area's Army regiments, the battalions raised here for the First World War, the carriers built at Ford, Dieppe, and the people from here who served. Every statement has a source. Where sources disagree, both are shown. Where we could not find something, we say so.

This page links to the chronology, the honour roll, Army uniforms and equipment and the patches gallery. It does not repeat them in full. The Army roll lists local soldiers who died in service, from public records. It also links to Windsor's poppy streets.

On this page

• At a glance
• The local regiments
• The First World War battalions
• Made in Windsor: the Universal Carrier
• Dieppe, 19 August 1942
• Northwest Europe, 1944 to 1945
• In Italy, 1944
• Korea, peacekeeping and Afghanistan
• People
• Those who served: a starting list
• The Army roll of those who died
• Medals and awards
• Patches and badges
• Posters
• War art
• Armouries
• Memorials
• What we could not find
• Sources

At a glance

1. 12 June 1885The 21st "Essex" Battalion of Infantry is authorized at Windsor. It becomes the Essex Fusiliers and, on 15 July 1927, the Essex Scottish.¹
2. 1899 to 1902Essex County volunteers serve in South Africa. The Boer War Memorial in Jackson Park honours them (chronology).
3. 7 November 1914The 18th Battalion, CEF, is authorized. It fights in France and Flanders with the 2nd Canadian Division from September 1915 to the end of the war.¹
4. 15 December 1936The Essex Regiment (Tank) is authorized at Windsor. It is today's Windsor Regiment (RCAC).²
5. 19 August 1942The Essex Scottish land on Red Beach at Dieppe.¹³
6. 1 March 1945Maj. F.A. Tilston wins the Victoria Cross in the Hochwald.⁴
7. 1 October 1954The Essex Scottish and the Kent Regiment amalgamate as the Essex and Kent Scottish.¹
8. 2002 to 2014Both Windsor regiments reinforce units in Afghanistan and later receive the theatre honour AFGHANISTAN.¹²⁵
9. 2004Military use moves from the University Avenue Armouries to the Major F.A. Tilston, VC Armoury on Sandwich Street.⁶

The local regiments

Two Army Reserve regiments serve Windsor today, both at the Sandwich Street armoury.⁷⁸ Their histories run back through older names, so the same unit can appear under four or five titles in the records.

The Essex and Kent Scottish

The regiment "originated in Windsor, Ontario on 12 June 1885, when the '21st "Essex" Battalion of Infantry' was authorized to be formed." It was renamed the 21st Battalion "Essex Fusiliers" in 1887, the 21st Regiment "Essex Fusiliers" in 1900, The Essex Fusiliers in 1920 and The Essex Scottish on 15 July 1927. On 1 October 1954 it was amalgamated with The Kent Regiment of Chatham and became The Essex and Kent Scottish.¹

Its badge, as the official lineage describes it, keeps the badge of the Essex Scottish and adds "the white horse taken from the badge of The Kent Regiment". The motto is Semper Paratus (Always prepared), and the marches are "The Highland Laddie" and "A Hundred Pipers". The regiment also perpetuates the Essex and Kent militia of the War of 1812 and the 18th, 99th, 186th and 241st Battalions of the CEF.¹

Its Second World War battle honours, from the lineage: Dieppe; Bourguébus Ridge; St. André-sur-Orne; Falaise; Falaise Road; Clair Tizon; Forêt de la Londe; The Scheldt; Woensdrecht; South Beveland; The Rhineland; Goch-Calcar Road; The Hochwald; Xanten; Twente Canal; Groningen; Oldenburg; North-West Europe, 1942, 1944-1945. Its First World War honours include Mount Sorrel, Flers-Courcelette, Vimy, 1917, Hill 70, Passchendaele, Amiens and the Hindenburg Line.¹

The Windsor Regiment (RCAC)

The Windsor Regiment "originated in Windsor, Ontario on 15 December 1936, when 'The Essex Regiment (Tank)' was authorized to be formed." It became the 30th (Reserve) Reconnaissance Regiment (Essex Regiment) in 1942, the 22nd Reconnaissance Regiment (Essex Regiment) in 1946, The Windsor Regiment (22nd Reconnaissance Regiment) in 1949 and The Windsor Regiment (RCAC) in 1958.²

In the Second World War it mobilized the 30th Reconnaissance Battalion for active service on 12 May 1942. That unit served in Canada in a home defence and training role, then embarked for Britain on 23 July 1943, "where its soldiers were employed as assembly workers for unassembled vehicles arriving from Canada." It was disbanded on 31 March 1944.² The badge shows a tank over two crossed carbines; the carbines come from its allied regiment, the 3rd Carabiniers. Its motto is also Semper Paratus.² The regiment received Sherman tanks in 1954 and returned to reconnaissance in 1965 (uniforms and equipment).⁷

Other units

The Kent Regiment was formed at Chatham on 1 January 1901 as the 24th "Kent" Regiment. In the Second World War it mobilized a battalion that served in Canada on home defence, with the 14th Infantry Brigade, 8th Canadian Division, and Pacific Command.¹ No. 2 Construction Battalion, the all-Black unit of the First World War, had a detachment in Windsor from September 1916 to March 1917 (chronology).⁹¹⁰ The Canadian Women's Army Corps enlisted women from the area; Lance Corporal Dorothy Helena James, whose parents lived in Windsor, is on the honour roll.¹¹

The First World War battalions

The Essex and Kent Scottish carries the lineage of four CEF battalions raised in this area.¹

• 18th Battalion. Authorized on 7 November 1914, it sailed for Britain on 18 April 1915 and landed in France on 15 September 1915. It fought with the 4th Infantry Brigade, 2nd Canadian Division, until the end of the war.¹ A badge collectors' study says it was "recruited by the 21st Essex Fusiliers" and sailed with 36 officers and 1,081 other ranks under Lt-Col E.S. Wigle, a Windsor lawyer and former mayor.¹²¹³
• 99th Battalion (Essex). Authorized on 22 December 1915, it sailed on 31 May 1916. On 6 July 1916 its men were absorbed into the 35th Reserve Battalion as reinforcements.¹ A Museum Windsor record says its recruits were housed in the old fairgrounds building at Ouellette and Tecumseh, with a tent city along Ouellette.¹⁴
• 186th Battalion (Kent). Authorized on 15 July 1916, it sailed on 28 March 1917 and was absorbed into the 4th Reserve Battalion on 7 April 1917.¹
• 241st Battalion (Canadian Scottish Borderers). Authorized on 15 July 1916, it sailed on 29 April 1917 and was absorbed into the 5th Reserve Battalion on 7 May 1917.¹ The regimental collection calls it "the third battalion raised in the Windsor area" and says "twenty-seven percent of the battalion was American, most being from Michigan."¹⁵

Because the 99th, 186th and 241st were broken up for reinforcements, their men fought with other battalions. The best-documented local soldier of the 18th is C/S/M Abbott Elmer Ross, DCM.

Made in Windsor: the Universal Carrier

The Canadian War Museum holds a Universal Carrier Mk II built by the Ford Motor Company of Canada in July 1943, and notes that "Ford of Canada and the Dominion Bridge Company made 29,000 Mk II Universal Carriers".¹⁶ The museum's own Universal Carrier page says "more than 28,000 were produced in Windsor".¹⁷ The two figures do not match, so neither is treated as exact. In the House of Commons on 4 November 1941, C.D. Howe said universal carriers "came into production in the middle of the year, and already over 1,500 have been delivered."¹⁸

Ford also built a longer "Windsor Carrier", with "one extra bogie wheel per side", described in the Department of Munitions and Supply's wartime Design Record.¹⁹ The full home-front story is in the chronology.

Dieppe, 19 August 1942

A list of Windsor-Essex people tied to Dieppe, and to the other City poppy streets, is at Windsor's poppy streets, Dieppe. Photographs already on this page are not repeated there.

The Essex Scottish sailed for Britain in July 1940 and "took part in the raid on Dieppe on 19 August 1942."¹ They landed on Red Beach, in front of the town. The official historian, C.P. Stacey, wrote that "out of 553 all ranks, it brought back only 52, of whom 28 were wounded."³ The regimental association gives different figures for killed and captured, so no combined total is given here.²⁰ Among the men who returned was Pte George Edmond Marchant, a stretcher bearer, later remembered by his family as a medical sergeant. He was awarded the Military Medal for the raid. His profile is in People, below.⁶⁴⁶⁷⁶⁹

Stacey also recorded that only one party of the battalion got across the Promenade: "about a dozen men led by C.S.M. Cornelius Stapleton". An exaggerated report of that progress, "Essex Scottish across the beaches and in houses", was "responsible for his decision to land the floating reserve".³ The battalion's war diary, the awards and the story of Private Mick Gleason are in the chronology and on his profile. That Christmas, Windsor's Mayor Arthur J. Reaume sent the battalion a greeting: "Our gallant Essex Scottish Regiment has written its name gloriously upon the sands of Dieppe."²¹

Northwest Europe, 1944 to 1945

Rebuilt in England, the battalion "landed again in France on 5 July 1944, as part of the 4th Infantry Brigade, 2nd Canadian Infantry Division, and it continued to fight in North-West Europe until the end of the war."¹

• Verrières Ridge, 20 to 21 July 1944. The official history counts 244 Essex Scottish casualties in Operation Atlantic, 37 of them fatal.²²²³
• The Goch-Calcar road, 19 to 20 February 1945. Parts of the battalion were overrun, and its headquarters held out in a farmhouse cellar until the line was restored.²⁴²⁵
• The Hochwald, 1 March 1945. The action for which Maj. F.A. Tilston received the Victoria Cross.²⁶⁴
• Toward Xanten, 8 March 1945. The battalion advanced through Roschof and cleared farmhouses between the railways. Private Ray Ivan McCarthy died that day.²⁶²⁷
• Groningen, April 1945, and the advance toward Oldenburg at the end of the war.²⁸²⁹

Some sources say the Essex Scottish had more casualties than any other Canadian regiment of the war. That has not been checked against the official casualty returns, so it is not repeated as fact. The full account is in the chronology.

In Italy, 1944

Two official British Army photographs name local men who served in Italy with other units, not with the Essex Scottish. The Essex Scottish fought in Northwest Europe.

Korea, peacekeeping and Afghanistan

The Canadian Virtual War Memorial records eight soldiers with a Windsor-Essex link who died in or after the Korean War. Local reports put the number at seven; the count is not reconciled (chronology).³⁰³¹

Peacekeeping: Cpl John Marc Henry Béchard, 2nd Battalion PPCLI, born in Leamington and enlisted in Windsor, died on 6 August 1993 while serving with UNPROFOR.⁴⁰ Jeffrey Dennis Hamelin, born in Windsor, served in Bosnia in 1998 and Kosovo in 1999 to 2000, and later with the Essex and Kent Scottish.⁴¹ Michael Feyko, also Windsor-born, served in Cyprus and Somalia.⁴²

Afghanistan: the official lineages say both Windsor regiments "reinforced various CAF units deployed to Afghanistan" from 2002 to 2014, and both carry the theatre honour AFGHANISTAN.¹²⁵ Cpl Andrew Paul Grenon, 2nd Battalion PPCLI, born in Windsor, was killed in Zharey district on 3 September 2008.⁴³⁴⁴ The Essex and Kent Scottish also records members on Operation UNIFIER (training Ukrainian forces), Operation REASSURANCE in Latvia and Operation IMPACT in Lebanon and Kuwait.⁴⁵

People

Local Army people already researched for the War Chest. Each card links to the full, sourced account. People who died in service are also on the honour roll.

First World War, 18th Battalion

C/S/M Abbott Elmer Ross, DCM

Born in Gosfield in 1891, by a research blog's account, and died in Windsor in 1974. His DCM citation (London Gazette, 26 January 1918) praises his leadership of a bombing party that cleared dug-outs and held a barricade. The date of the action is unresolved.

Full account. Sources: ⁴⁶⁴⁷

First World War, 18th Battalion

Lt-Col Ernest Samuel Wigle

A Windsor lawyer and mayor in 1905 to 1909 and 1937 to 1938. He took the 18th Battalion overseas in 1915 and commanded it in France until the summer of 1916.

Full account. Sources: ¹²⁴⁸⁴⁹

First World War, No. 2 Construction Battalion

Pte Jerome Wellington Lockman

Enlisted at Windsor on 9 September 1916; served in England and France; discharged in 1918. Born in Windsor, a plasterer, he lived there all his life.

Full account. Sources: ⁵⁰¹⁰

First World War, No. 2 Construction Battalion

Pte James Woodson Lockman

Enlisted at Windsor on 9 September 1916. Later an 18-year employee of the City engineer's department who "served overseas with Canadian Army Construction Battalion".

Full account. Sources: ⁵⁰⁵¹

First World War, No. 2 Construction Battalion

Pte Alfred Augustus Tudor

The battalion roll lists him enlisting at Windsor on 4 December 1916. CBC reports he was the grandfather of the Amherstburg Freedom Museum's vice-president.

Full account. Sources: ⁵²⁵⁰

Second World War, Essex Scottish

CSM Cornelius "Con" Stapleton, DCM

Moved to Windsor in 1938 and enlisted in the Essex Scottish in 1939. At Dieppe he led the only party of the battalion known to have got across the Promenade. Taken prisoner. DCM "in recognition of gallant and distinguished services at Dieppe".

Full account. Sources: ⁵³³⁵⁴

Second World War, Essex Scottish

Lt-Col Frederick Kent Jasperson, DSO, ED

Born in Kingsville and a Windsor lawyer, he commanded the Essex Scottish at Dieppe and was a prisoner for three years. DSO for Dieppe; no individual citation has been found.

Full account. Sources: ⁵⁵⁵⁴

Second World War, Essex Scottish

Pte James Maxwell "Mick" Gleason

Posted missing after Dieppe and named among the missing as "of Windsor". He came home, became a Windsor fire captain and died in 2003.

Full account. Sources: ⁵⁶⁵⁷⁵⁸

Second World War, Essex Scottish and RCAF

The Leopold brothers of Windsor

Official memorial records name Private George Henry Leopold of the Essex Scottish, who died at Dieppe on 19 August 1942, and Sergeant Herbert Arthur Leopold of the RCAF, a pilot who died on 15 November 1941, as sons of George Arthur and Helena Mary Leopold, of Windsor. They were brothers. City directories of the same years also name John W. A. Leopold, listed as a soldier and later back in Windsor at work, and a fourth son at the family home.

Full account. Sources: CVWM, George Henry Leopold · CVWM, Herbert Arthur Leopold

Second World War, Essex Scottish

George Edmund "Jim" Marchant, MM

Known as Jim, and listed as George Edmond Marchant in the London Gazette. His daughter, Vicki Bennett, wrote that he was born in England on 1 August 1921 and that he died on 23 September 2013. A private and stretcher bearer with the Essex Scottish at Dieppe on 19 August 1942, he later recalled landing from tank landing craft TLC 13 and being the only man from that craft to come back. Awarded the Military Medal for the raid, service number A.21531. Bennett wrote that he was a medical sergeant, served for the duration of the war, and rarely spoke of it, and that he was most proud of that medal from King George VI. She also wrote that the family was always proud of him, and that he never felt like a hero: that title, she wrote, was always for his comrades and the ones left behind. The Town of Essex local veterans page gives his service as 1939 to 1945, says he was wounded at Dieppe, and says he later lived in or near Essex. A service file has not been read.

Sources: ^64676869

Second World War, Essex Scottish

Maj. Frederick Albert Tilston, VC

A Windsor sales manager before the war. Wounded three times leading his company into the Hochwald on 1 March 1945. The Sandwich Street armoury bears his name.

Full account. Sources: ⁵⁹⁴

Second World War, Essex Scottish

Pte Ray Ivan McCarthy

Born and educated in Colchester South, by a wartime clipping's account; his wife lived in Amherstburg. Died on 8 March 1945 and buried at Groesbeek.

Full account. Sources: ²⁷⁶⁰

Second World War, Irish Regiment of Canada

Amos Henry Thomas

Born on Walpole Island. He lived in Wheatley. He married Hendrika de Lange. He died on 11 October 1996 and is buried at Evergreen Memorial Park in Leamington.

According to a family eulogy, he served in the Second World War with the Irish Regiment of Canada and was wounded.

Sources: ⁷⁰⁷¹

Second World War, CWAC

L/Cpl Dorothy Helena James

Canadian Women's Army Corps. Her parents lived in Windsor. She died in Ontario on 23 September 1944 and is buried in Windsor's Grove Cemetery.

Full account. Sources: ¹¹

Second World War, First Special Service Force

Ralph Mayville

Grew up in Amherstburg and later lived in Windsor. CBC reports he joined the Essex Scottish in 1940, then the Royal Canadian Regiment, and was with the Devil's Brigade in Italy in 1944.

Full account. Sources: ⁶¹

Peacekeeping, 2 PPCLI

Cpl John Marc Henry Béchard

Born in Leamington in 1969 and enlisted in Windsor in 1988. Died on 6 August 1993 while serving with UNPROFOR. Buried at St. Joachim.

Full account. Sources: ⁴⁰

Peacekeeping, later Essex and Kent Scottish

Jeffrey Dennis Hamelin

Windsor-born. Tours in Bosnia in 1998 and Kosovo in 1999 to 2000, then the Essex and Kent Scottish from 2001 to 2005.

Full account. Sources: ⁴¹

Cyprus and Somalia

Michael Feyko

Windsor-born infantry veteran with tours in Cyprus and Somalia, later with the SkyHawks; medically released in 2000.

Full account. Sources: ⁴²

Afghanistan, 2 PPCLI

Cpl Andrew Paul Grenon

Born in Windsor on 19 January 1985. Killed in Zharey district on 3 September 2008. Sacrifice Medal (posthumous). Buried in Windsor.

Full account. Sources: ⁴³⁴⁴

Afghanistan, The Windsor Regiment

Cpl James Meloche, CD

Grew up in LaSalle and served with The Windsor Regiment from 2003 to 2018. Afghanistan, September 2008 to March 2009, as a convoy escort driver.

Full account. Sources: ⁶²

Afghanistan, Essex and Kent Scottish

MCpl Mike Akpata

Deployed in January 2007 with 2nd Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment, on convoy escort. Also a Windsor police officer.

Full account. Sources: ⁶²

Afghanistan, Essex and Kent Scottish

CWO Cyril Cheng

Grew up in Sandwich West. Served with the regiment from 1982 to 2017, rising to regimental sergeant major. Mentored the Afghan Army in 2008 to 2009.

Full account. Sources: ⁶²

Afghanistan, Essex and Kent Scottish

Lt-Col Morris Brause

Posted to Windsor in 2005, he commanded the Essex and Kent Scottish and the Windsor garrison. Served in Afghanistan from June 2013 to March 2014.

Full account. Sources: ⁶²

Afghanistan

Bruce Moncur

A Windsor Afghanistan veteran and a founding member of the Afghanistan Veterans Association of Canada.

Full account. Sources: ⁶³

Those who served: a starting list

Search this list:

The same list, with its context, is in the chronology. The Essex and Kent Scottish also publishes a list of members' overseas tours since 2008; it gives no hometowns, so its names are not repeated here.⁴⁵

The Army roll of those who died

A separate page, the Army roll, lists 517 soldiers whose Canadian Virtual War Memorial record places them in Windsor or Essex County (194 from the First World War, 308 from the Second and 15 since 1947), with 94 more held for checking and 219 who enlisted at Windsor but whose record gives a home elsewhere or none. Each row links to its record. It is searchable by name, unit, town and cemetery.

Medals and awards

Medals named on this page, shown from museum, government and collector photographs. These are examples of each medal, not the medals of the people named.

Not pictured: the Distinguished Service Order, gazetted to Lt-Col F.K. Jasperson for Dieppe,⁵⁴ and the Sacrifice Medal, awarded to Cpl Andrew Grenon after his death.⁴³ We did not find a free photograph of either that we could clear.

Patches and badges

The regimental cap badges of the Essex Scottish, the Essex and Kent Scottish and the Windsor Regiment are described here, not shown. The official images are Crown material without an open licence, and copies on badge-collector sites have doubtful rights, so the patches gallery does not show them either. We did not redraw them.

• The Essex and Kent Scottish: "On a shield Gules fimbriated Or three seaxes in pale points to the sinister, in base a horse forcene Argent", inside a red scroll topped by a gold lion's head and binding two thistles. The seaxes refer to the arms of Essex in England; the white horse is from the arms of Kent.¹
• The Windsor Regiment (RCAC): "Two carbines in saltire muzzles upwards triggers inwards proper, surmounted by a tank Argent ensigned by the Royal Crown proper", with a blue scroll reading THE WINDSOR REGIMENT. The tank stands for the regiment's start as an infantry tank unit.²

What can be shown are the formation patches and signs local soldiers wore or saw, already cleared for the patches gallery.

Official cap badges of the local regiments are still not shown here, for the rights reasons set out above. This official First World War photograph of a badge sheet can be shown. It includes the 241st Battalion (Canadian Scottish Borderers).

Posters

Wartime posters that called Canadians to the Army and to pay for the war. Their wording is historical propaganda, shown as a record.

War art

Official Canadian war art of Army subjects, now in the public domain, chosen for battles in the local regiment's honours. None of these paintings is identified as showing a Windsor soldier.

Armouries

The downtown Windsor Armouries on University Avenue was built between 1900 and 1902. Military use moved to a new building in 2004, and the old armoury became part of the University of Windsor's School of Creative Arts in 2018.⁶ The new home at 4007 Sandwich Street is the Major F.A. Tilston, VC Armoury and Police Training Centre, shared with the Windsor Police and not open to the public.⁶⁶ More in the Sandwich Street armoury.

The Major F.A. Tilston, VC Armoury

Photographs from 12 November 2026, taken from the public street. The training centre is not open to the public.

Memorials

Memorials to the local Army story, at home and abroad. Others, including the Korean Veterans War Memorial, are in the chronology.

The Essex Scottish Regiment Memorial at Dieppe, a 2006 sculpture by Rory O'Connor, then a University of Windsor art student, is shown in the chronology, in the Dieppe section. The Canadezenplein howitzer monument in Ekeren, Belgium, is shown in the chronology, in the Northwest Europe section, at the 4 October 1944 date.

What we could not find

Sources

1. DND/DHH, official lineage, The Essex and Kent Scottish, https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/official-military-history-lineages/lineages/infantry-regiments/essex-and-kent-scottish.html
2. DND/DHH, official lineage, The Windsor Regiment (RCAC), canada.ca
3. C.P. Stacey, The Canadian Army 1939-1945: An Official Historical Summary, ch. V (transcription), https://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/Canada/CA/OpSumm/OpSumm-5.html
4. London Gazette, suppl. 37086, p. 2608, 22 May 1945, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37086/supplement/2608/data.pdf
5. Government of Canada, South-West Asia theatre honours backgrounder, 9 May 2014, canada.ca
6. Canada's Historic Places, Windsor Armouries, historicplaces.ca; University of Windsor, armouries restoration, 28 March 2019, uwindsor.ca
7. Canadian Army, 4th Canadian Division, "The Windsor Regiment (RCAC)" (history and equipment), canada.ca
8. Canadian Army, 4th Canadian Division, "The Essex and Kent Scottish", canada.ca
9. The Canadian Encyclopedia, "No. 2 Construction Battalion", https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/no-2-construction-battalion
10. Amherstburg Freedom Museum, "Lockman Family" (family history; cites service records and Windsor newspapers), https://amherstburgfreedom.org/lockman-family/
11. CVWM, Dorothy Helena James, https://www.veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/656062
12. Military Collectors Club of Canada, "4th Infantry Brigade" (CEF badges), https://www.mccofc.ca/WWI-CEF-Badges/P5f-2nd-Div-4th-Brigade.pdf
13. Windsor Public Library, "Ernest Samuel Wigle", https://www.windsorpubliclibrary.com/ernest-samuel-wigle/
14. Museum Windsor catalogue, P6337, http://windsormuseum.ca:8080/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=record%3Bid%3D35566%3Btype%3D101
15. E&K Scot Collection, "241st Battalion, Canadian Scottish Borderers, C.E.F.", https://ekscot.org/collection/story/241st-battalion
16. Canadian War Museum, artifact 19720030-001, https://www.warmuseum.ca/collections/artifact/1042973
17. Canadian War Museum, "Universal Carrier Mk II" (page title marks the model with an asterisk), https://www.warmuseum.ca/digital-on-demand/universal-carrier-mk-ii
18. House of Commons Debates, 4 Nov 1941 (via Lipad), https://www.lipad.ca/full/1941/11/04/3/
19. Department of Munitions and Supply, Army Engineering Design Branch, Design Record: Canadian Developed Military Vehicles, World War II, Vol. 2, https://electriccanadian.com/forces/Design_Record02.pdf
20. E&K Scot Collection, "The Essex Scottish Regiment in the Dieppe Raid", https://ekscot.org/collection/story/dieppe-raid
21. Essex Scottish Regiment War Diaries 1942, Vol. 3 (digitized PDF, 1,263 leaves; copy held offline, SHA-256 a09b9c7c…c46cc9). Original at Library and Archives Canada; digitized collection at UWindsor Leddy Library, https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14776/18532 . Leaf numbers are PDF positions.
22. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign (Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War, vol. III, 1960), ch. VII (transcription), https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/Canada/CA/Victory/Victory-7.html
23. "The Essex Scottish Regiment in Operation Atlantic: What Went Wrong?", Canadian Military History 18, no. 1, https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh/vol18/iss1/3/
24. Stacey, The Victory Campaign, ch. XVIII (transcription), https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/Canada/CA/Victory/Victory-18.html
25. Legion Magazine, "Fierce fighting at Reichswald Forest", https://legionmagazine.com/fierce-fighting-at-reichswald-forest/
26. Stacey, The Victory Campaign, ch. XIX (transcription), https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/Canada/CA/Victory/Victory-19.html
27. Veterans Affairs Canada, Canadian Virtual War Memorial, Private Ray Ivan McCarthy, https://www.veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/detail/2231957. Official fields used here: rank, service number A/607914, age 24, Army, Essex Scottish Regiment, R.C.I.C., date of death 8 March 1945, burial at Groesbeek Canadian War Cemetery grave III. G. 10, and "Son of Charles and Pearl McCarthy; husband of Genevieve McCarthy, of Amherstburg, Ontario." The live Commonwealth War Graves Commission casualty page (casualty 2231957) did not load during this check (HTTP 403), so those fields are taken from Veterans Affairs Canada, which publishes the official memorial record. Gallery items on that page are contributed material and are not used here.
28. Stacey, The Victory Campaign, ch. XX (transcription), https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/Canada/CA/Victory/Victory-20.html
29. Stacey, The Victory Campaign, ch. XXII (transcription), https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/Canada/CA/Victory/Victory-22.html
30. VAC, Korean Veterans War Memorial (Windsor), https://www.veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/memorials/canada/korean-veterans-war-memorial
31. CBC Windsor, 19 Apr 2018, https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/windsor-korean-veterans-searching-for-next-of-kin-of-fallen-soldiers-1.4626784
32. CVWM, Earl Alva McIntyre, https://www.veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/708845
33. CVWM, Robert James Jones, https://www.veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/708763
34. CVWM, Kenneth Bryant Jones, https://www.veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/708762
35. CVWM, Joseph Wilfred Major, https://veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/708833
36. CVWM, Clifford Donald Weir, https://veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/detail/80000475
37. CVWM, Robert Frederick Thomas Girard, https://www.veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/708718
38. CVWM, Leo Joseph Tellier, https://www.veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/708994
39. CVWM, Clifford Joseph Laframboise, https://www.veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/708783
40. CVWM, John Marc Henry Béchard, https://www.veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/678559
41. Royal Canadian Legion Ontario Command, Military Service Recognition Book, printed page 131, fenety.com
42. Veterans Affairs Canada, "A new environment can be difficult" (Michael Feyko interview and biography), veterans.gc.ca
43. CVWM, Andrew Paul Grenon, https://www.veterans.gc.ca/en/remembrance/memorials/canadian-virtual-war-memorial/684651
44. Government of Canada news release, 3 Sep 2008, https://www.canada.ca/en/news/archive/2008/09/three-canadian-soldiers-killed-five-injured-afghanistan.html
45. The Essex and Kent Scottish, "Overseas operational deployments", ekscot.org
46. London Gazette, suppl. 30495, p. 1344, 26 Jan 1918, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30495/supplement/1344/data.pdf
47. 18th Battalion CEF research blog, "Ross, Abbott", https://18thbattalioncef.blog/soldiers-found-from-other-sources/ross-abbott-service-no-53817-distinguished-conduct-medal/
48. City of Windsor, "Previous Mayors", https://www.citywindsor.ca/mayor-and-council/previous-mayors
49. 18th Battalion CEF blog, "Wigle, Ernest Solomon", https://18thbattalioncef.blog/soldiers-listed-in-diary/wigle-ernest-samuel-lieutenant-colonel/
50. No. 2 Construction Battalion descendants' site, "Men of No. 2" (nominal list: service number, name, enlistment place and date), https://www.no2-cef.ca/men-of-the-no-2/
51. Amherstburg Freedom Museum, "The Lockman Family History, Part 4" (PDF), https://amherstburgfreedom.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/The-Lockman-Family-History-Part-4-Canadian-Army-Construction-Battalion.pdf
52. Mrinali Anchan, "Descendants of Canada's all-Black battalion say 'justice, healing' needed", CBC News Windsor, 1 April 2021, https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/no-2-construction-battalion-windsor-planned-apology-reaction-1.5969893
53. Essex & Kent Scottish Collection, "CSM 'Con' Stapleton at The Dieppe Raid", https://ekscot.org/collection/story/csm-stapleton
54. London Gazette, suppl. 37499, p. 1367, 14 Mar 1946, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37499/supplement/1367/data.pdf
55. City of Windsor designation notice, Jasperson-Appel House (Ontario Heritage Act register), https://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/oha/details/file?id=2026
56. Essex Scottish Regiment, war diary, 1942, vol. 3, Part II Order No. 58, 29 August 1942, "Strength Decrease" / "X" List, PDF leaf 844. "A22340 Pte. Gleason, J.M." is listed as missing, citing "A. list 190 d/23 Aug 42." Same digitized volume as above.
57. "Canada's Casualties at Dieppe Total 3,350, Ottawa Indicates," Hamilton Spectator, mid-September 1942, scan at wartimes.ca, retrieved 11 November 2026. The list includes "Pte James Maxwell Gleason Windsor Ont" among the missing from the Western Ontario Regiment. The scan's date line is hard to read in places (16 or 18 September 1942).
58. Death-notice transcriptions on MesAieux (YourFolks), "Obituary of James-Maxwell Gleason (1918 - 2003)" and "Obituary of James Gleason," https://www.mesaieux.com/genealogy/james_gleason, retrieved 11 November 2026. The transcripts give: James "MICKEY" Maxwell Gleason, 9 October 1918 to 10 October 2003, 85 years, died at Hotel Dieu Grace Hospital; predeceased by Catherine Eileen "Kay" (nee Mullins). This desk has not opened a complete original newspaper page.
59. National Defence, "Frederick Albert Tilston", https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/medals/victoria-cross-recipients/frederick-albert-tilston.html
60. Wartime newspaper clipping headed "Harrow Man Is Killed," datelined "HARROW, March 23," family photograph sent by Holly Brush to windsornewsdesk@gmail.com on 10 November 2026, with written permission the same day to use her name and to post the photographs and information. The clipping does not print a newspaper name, year, or page number. The March 23 dateline, read with the 8 March 1945 date of death, places the notice in 1945. The original newspaper's copyright may still apply.
61. CBC News Windsor, 9 August 2019, Ralph Mayville, cbc.ca
62. Town of LaSalle, Local Veterans (stories submitted by veterans and families), lasalle.ca
63. CBC Windsor, 19 March 2014, cbc.ca
64. London Gazette, Supplement 35729, 2 October 1942, pp. 4329-4330 (Department of National Defence, Ottawa, 2 Oct 1942: Canadian Army awards for the combined attack on Dieppe). Primary, official. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35729/supplement/4329 and /4330.
65. Canadian War Museum, Charles Comfort, Dieppe Raid (1946), Beaverbrook Collection of War Art, warmuseum.ca
66. Windsor Police Service, facilities, windsorpolice.ca
67. The Memory Project / Historica Canada, George Edmund "Jim" Marchant, published on The Canadian Encyclopedia, https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mpsb-george-edmund-jim-marchant. First-person account; he describes himself as a stretcher bearer at Dieppe with the Essex Scottish. Primary testimony, not an official after-action report.
68. Town of Essex, Local Veterans, entry for George (Jim) Marchant, https://www.essex.ca/discover/local-history/local-veterans/. Municipal page of submitted local-veteran stories. Gives service 1939 to 1945, medical sergeant, wounded in the Dieppe Raid, and later residence in or near Essex. Not a service file.
69. Vicki Bennett, emails to Windsor News, 11 November 2026, subject "War Chest" (Gmail messages 1a1cb9aa18746b77 and 1a1cc12cb2a7538f). His daughter. Name, Essex Scottish, medical sergeant, Dieppe and return, the memorabilia photograph (including her note that the flag in the picture was a Dieppe remembrance plaque), a wartime portrait she said may be used, dates of birth and death (born in England on 1 August 1921; died on 23 September 2013), and that he was most proud of that medal from King George VI. Credit wording "Courtesy of the Marchant family" approved by her as "perfect."
70. Gathering Our Heroes, "Thomas, Amos Henry," Chatham-Kent WWI and WWII veterans project, https://www.gatheringourheroes.ca/hero/thomas-amos/, retrieved 11 November 2026. The biography is drawn from a family eulogy, "Eulogy for Amos Thomas - 15 October, 1996," credited to the family and to Bill Siddall, historian. Service with the Irish Regiment of Canada, and the wound, are taken from that eulogy and are not confirmed here by a service file.
71. Find a Grave, memorial 265917539, Amos Henry Thomas (death 11 October 1996; burial 15 October 1996, Evergreen Memorial Park Cemetery, Leamington, Essex County, Ontario), https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/265917539/amos-henry-thomas, retrieved 11 November 2026. The memorial was added on 29 February 2024. No grave photograph is on the page. The memorial also records a spouse whose given name is garbled; the family eulogy names her Hendrika de Lange. A birth year on the memorial is not used in the profile text.

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